arch/ive/ief (2000 - 2005)

Een berichtje dat door niemand opgemerkt werd.
Milieugroepen en Brazilië wijzen er op dat men de milieutop in Johannesburg wil gebruiken om nucleaire energie te promoten.
Het gaat om een kleine paragraaf in de verklaring van de top die normaal bedoeld was om alternatieve energiebronnen te promoten zaols windenergie, zonne-energie,...

Door een klein amendement staat de tekst ook open voor 'energie-technologie".

Milieugroepen en activisten denken dat de nucleaire deze kleine paragraaf zal gebruiken om nucleaire energie te promoten.

Remi Parmentier van Greenpeace zegt dat dit de poort opent om de nucleaire energie in de wereld op te drijven.

Sorry voor de slechte vertaling.
Klil op de link en je kan het Engelse bericht lezen.

Over mijn lijk, en ik zal 't geen drie keer zeggen.

Als ze echt serieus zijn over broeikasgassen, dan zal kernenergie inderdaad de beste oplossing zijn: proper, goedkoop en veilig.

Inderdaad, ja, veilig. Als je je ogen opentrekt, tenminste.
Het aantal ongevallen in moderne centrales is verwaarloosbaar klein, en de gevolgen ervan waren zeer beperkt in omvang. Met de nodige regels en veiligheidsinspecties kan het zelfs nog beter.

Fossiele centrales daarentegen pompen al jaren aan een stuk de atmosfeer vol met allerlei vervuiling, die niet weg te krijgen valt. Kerncentrales echter produceren enkel stoom en makkelijk op te bergen en te isoleren (radioactief) afval. Maar radioactieve stoffen komen ook zo in de natuur voor, dus dat is helemaal niet zo eng als het lijkt, wat Greenpeace et al. ook beweren.

Tenslotte zijn kerncentrales per geproduceerde hoeveelheid energie veel efficiënter dan enige andere alternatieve energievorm, anders hadden privé-investeerders hier al lang naar gegrepen. Windenergie levert niet genoeg op, zonne-energie ook niet (en het is nog duur ook). Getijdenenergie werkt alleen als je getijden hebt, en waterkrachtcentrales vereisen dammen die hele valleien doen onderlopen.

Dus als het gaat om milieu-overwegingen zijn kerncentrales duidelijk de beste keuze, tenzij het er eigenlijk om gaat om het Westen economisch te breken en even arm te maken als de rest van de wereld. Maar wie zou dat nu willen?

Hoeveel ongelukken ken je dan maar?

En voor alternatieve energie, men wil dat niet promoten omdat dan de oliesector in gevaar komt.
BUsh heft tijdens zijn onderhoud op zijn ranch met de Saousische ambassadeur gezegd dat ze zich samen gingen verzetten tegen alternative energiebronnen.

"Kerncentrales echter produceren enkel stoom en makkelijk op te bergen en te isoleren (radioactief) afval"
Daarmee dat ze er nog altijd geen oploqsing voor hebben, men weet nog steeds niet wat te doen
met al dat radioactief afval.
Of ga hert eens gaan vragen aan de Indianen, wxaar men uranium dupmt in hun reservaten.

Tsjernobil: verouderde centrale, slecht ontwerp, militaire test bezig op moment v/h ongeluk.

Dat zal zowat het enige "grote" ongeval zijn. De rest van de bekende gevallen (Three Mile Island, ...) waren eerder plaatselijk van aard, en zeker veel minder vervuilend dan fossiele centrales (ook die op olie draaien!)

Wat betreft het afval: diep onder de grond is veilig genoeg. Mogelijkerwijs zelfs op één van de plaatsen waar de continentale platen onder elkaar schuiven: dan gaat het recht naar de kern van de Aarde, die sowieso radioactief is (gasp!).

En wat betreft dat argument van promoten: het heet kapitalisme: een schone, goedkope en efficiënte oplossing kan men niet 'tegenhouden' door ze niet te 'promoten', de concurrentie zou er snel mee weg zijn.

Niet 'promoten' helpt enkel in een dictatuur. Dat we nog steeds niet met alternatieve energie werken, bewijst enkel dat het nog te duur is en niet praktisch.

Voor jou is het milieuvriendelijk.

Dit is het niet voor de Indianen die in reservaten zitten in America en waar men radiactief afval dumpt.

Dit is het kapitalistisch denken. Ik heb er geen last van, dus voor mij is het goed. Dta een ander daar last van heeft, dat weet ik niet dus, kan ik het niet erg vinden.

Eén van de lijstjes met ongevallen in de nucleaire sector.

http://prop1.org/2000/accident/partial.htm

Contrary to what most Americans believe, nuclear power and nuclear devices have not enjoyed a safe history at United States facilities. At least 50 nuclear weapons lie on the ocean bottom due to U.S. and Soviet accidents. A large number of incidents mar the safety record of nuclear plants, facilities, bombers and ships, of which Three Mile Island is only the best remembered. Numerous deaths and injuries resulted from these incidents. The following is a compilation of some of the known events involving nuclear devices and facilities.

Research Facilities
21 August 1945
A worker was killed during the final stages of the Manhattan Project (undertaken at Los Alamos, New Mexico to develop the first atomic bomb) from a radiation burst released when a critical assembly of fissile material was accidentally brought together by hand. This incident pre-dated remote-control assembly of such components, but the hazards of manual assembly were known at the time. A similar incident occurred nine months later (dramatized in the Hollywood movie Fat Man and Little Boy). This time, eight people were exposed, one of whom died days later.
November 1955
The EBR-I test reactor in Idaho Falls, Idaho experienced a partial meltdown. Radioactivity registered in the cooling system far from the reactor, and in the ventilation exhaust ducts.

2 July 1956
Nine persons were injured when two explosions destroyed a portion of Sylvania Electric Products' Metallurgy Atomic Research Center in Bayside, Queens, New York.

1957
A radiation release at the the Keleket company resulted in a five-month decontamination at a cost of $250,000. A capsule of radium salt (used for calibrating the radiation-measuring devices produced there) burst, contaminating the building for a full five months.

30 December 1958
A nuclear criticality accident occured from a solution in a plutonium recovery operation at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory in New Mexico. The operator died later of acute radiation sickness. The March, 1961 Journal of Occupational Medicine printed a special supplement devoted to the medical analysis of this accident.

5 October 1966
A sodium cooling system malfunction caused a partial core meltdown at Detroit Edison's Enrico Fermi I demonstration breeder reactor near Detroit, Michigan. Radioactive gases leaked into the containment structures, but radiation was reportedly contained.

1974
Whistleblowers at the Isomedix company in New Jersey reported that radioactive water was flushed down toilets and had contaminated pipes leading to sewers. The same year a worker received a dose of radiation considered lethal, but was saved by prompt hospital treatment.

1982
International Nutronics in Dover, New Jersey, which used radiation baths to purify gems, chemicals, food, and medical supplies, experienced an accident that completely contaminated the plant, forcing its closure. A pump malfunctioned, siphoning water from the baths onto the floor; the water eventually was drained into the sewer system of the heavily populated town of Dover. The NRC wasn't informed of the accident until ten months later -- and then by a whistleblower, not the company. In 1986, the company and one of its top executives were convicted by a federal jury of conspiracy and fraud. Radiation has been detected in the vicinity of the plant, but the NRC claims the levels "aren't hazardous."

1986
The NRC revoked the license of a Radiation Technology, Inc. (RTI) plant in New Jersey for repeated worker safety violations. RTI was cited 32 times for various violations, including throwing radioactive garbage out with the regular trash. The most serious violation was bypassing a safety device to prevent people from entering the irradiation chamber during operation, resulting in a worker receiving a near-lethal dose of radiation.

ca. December 1991
One of four cold fusion cells in a Menlo Park, CA, laboratory exploded while being moved; electrochemist Andrew Riley was killed and three others were injured. The other three cells were buried on site, leading to rumors that a nuclear reaction had taken place. A report concluded that it was a chemical explosion; a mixture of oxygen and deuterium produced by electrolysis ignited when a catalyst was exposed. The Electric Power Research Institute, which spent $2 million on the SRI cold fusion research, suspended support for the work pending the outcome of an investigation.

Power Plants
The nuclear power plant is a particularly nefarious use of nuclear energy. Unlike conventional power plants, nuclear plants have a relatively short life-span -- 30 years -- before critical reactor components become irreparably radioactive. At that point the plant must be decommissioned (`mothballed') at a cst of over $100 million, or else its entire reactor core replaced. To date, there is no solution regarding where to store spent power plant reactor cores. Compounding the storage problem is an accumulation of spent radioactive fuel rods, which have a life-span of only three years.
March 1957 The "WASH-740" (aka "Brookhaven") report, detailing the likelihood and extent of a nuclear power plant accident, was released. The report estimated that a nuclear plant accident could incur up to $7 billion in property damage alone (aside from payments for loss of life and injuries). These figures were confirmed in a second report (the "Gomberg" report) four months later. Because of the risk, insurance companies refused to insure nuclear power plants. The Price-Anderson Act was passed the following September, whereby the federal government agreed to provide most of the cost of insurance for nuclear power plants.

3 January 1961
A reactor explosion (possibly attributable to sabotage, according to one Nuclear Regulatory Commission member) at the National Reactor Testing Station in Idaho Falls, Idaho, killed one navy technician and two army technicians, and released radioactivity "largely confined" (words of John A. McCone, Director of the Atomic Energy Commission) to the reactor building. The three men were killed as they moved fuel rods in a "routine" preparation for the reactor start-up. One technician was blown to the ceiling of the containment dome and impaled on a control rod. His body remained there until it was taken down six days later. The men were so heavily exposed to radiation that their hands had to be buried separately with other radioactive wastem, and their bodies were interred in lead coffins.

19 November 1971
The water storage space at the Northern States Power Company's reactor in Monticello, Minnesota filled to capacity and spilled over, dumping about 50,000 gallons of radioactive waste water into the Mississippi River. Some was taken into the St. Paul water system.

March 1972
Senator Mike Gravel of Alaska submitted to the Congressional Record facts surrounding a routine check in a nuclear power plant which indicated abnormal radioactivity in the building's water system. Radioactivity was confirmed in the plant drinking fountain. Apparently there was an inappropriate cross-connection between a 3,000 gallon radioactive tank and the water system.

28 May 1974
The Atomic Energy Commission reported that 861 "abnormal events" had occurred in 1973 in the nation's 42 operative nuclear power plants. Twelve involved the release of radioactivity "above permissible levels."

22 March 1975
A technician checking for air leaks with a lighted candle caused $100 million in damage when insulation caught fire at the Browns Ferry reactor in Decatur, Alabama. The fire burned out electrical controls, lowering the cooling water to dangerous levels, and requiring a manual shutdown of the plant.

28 March 1979
A major accident at the Three Mile Island nuclear plant near Middletown, Pennsylvania. At 4:00 a.m. a series of human and mechanical failures nearly triggered a nuclear disaster. By 8:00 a.m., after cooling water was lost and temperatures soared above 5,000 degrees, the top half of the reactor's 150-ton core collapsed and melted. Contaminated coolant water escaped into a nearby building, releasing radioactive gasses, leading as many as 200,000 people to flee the region. Despite claims by the nuclear industry that "no one died at Three Mile Island," a study by Dr. Ernest J. Sternglass, professor of radiation physics at the University of Pittsburgh, showed that the accident led to a minimum of 430 infant deaths.

1981
The Critical Mass Energy Project of Public Citizen, Inc. reported that there were 4,060 mishaps and 140 serious events at nuclear power plants in 1981, up from 3,804 mishaps and 104 serious events the previous year.

11 February 1981
An Auxiliary Unit Operator, working his first day on the new job without proper training, inadvertently opened a valve which led to the contamination of eight men by 110,000 gallons of radioactive coolant sprayed into the containment building of the Tennessee Valley Authority's Sequoyah I plant in Tennessee.

1982 The Critical Mass Energy Project of Public Citizen, Inc. reported that 84,322 power plant workers were exposed to radiation in 1982, up from 82,183 the previous year.

25 January 1982
A steam generator pipe broke at the Rochester Gas & Electric Company's Ginna plant near Rochester, New York. Fifteen thousand gallons of radioactive coolant spilled onto the plant floor, and small amounts of radioactive steam escaped into the air.

15-16 January 1983
Nearly 208,000 gallons of water with low-level radioactive contamination was accidentally dumped into the Tennesee River at the Browns Ferry power plant.

1988
It was reported that there were 2,810 accidents in U.S. commercial nuclear power plants in 1987, down slightly from the 2,836 accidents reported in 1986, according to a report issued by the Critical Mass Energy Project of Public Citizen, Inc.

25 February 1993
A catastrophe at the Salem 1 reactor in New Jersey was averted by just 90 seconds when the plant was shut down manually, following the failure of automatic shutdown systems to act properly. The same automatic systems had failed to respond in an incident three days before, and other problems plagued this plant as well, such as a 3,000 gallon leak of radioactive water in June 1981 at the Salem 2 reactor, a 23,000 gallon leak of "mildly" radioactive water (which splashed onto 16 workers) in February 1982, and radioactive gas leaks in March 1981 and September 1982 from Salem 1.

28 May 1993
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission released a warning to the operators of 34 nuclear reactors around the country that the instruments used to measure levels of water in the reactor could give false readings during routine shutdowns and fail to detect important leaks. The problem was first bought to light by an engineer at Northeast Utilities in Connecticut who had been harassed for raising safety questions. The flawed instruments at boiling-water reactors designed by General Electric utilize pipes which were prone to being blocked by gas bubbles; a failure to detect falling water levels could have resulted, potentially leading to a meltdown.

Bombs and Bombers
13 February 1950
A B-36 en route from Alaska to Carswell Air Force Base in Fort Worth, Texas, developed serious mechanical difficulties, complicated by severe icing conditions, leading to the world's first nuclear accident. The crew headed out over the Pacific Ocean and dropped the nuclear weapons from 8,000 feet off the coast of British Columbia. The weapons' high-explosive material detonated on impact, but the crew parachuted to safety.
27 July 1956
A U.S. B-47 practicing a touch-and-go landing at Lakenheath Royal Air Force Station near Cambridge, England went out of control and smashed into a storage igloo housing three Mark 6 nuclear bombs, each of which had about 8,000 pounds of TNT in its trigger mechanism. No crewmen were killed, and fire fighters were able to extinguish the blazing jet fuel before it ignited the TNT.

22 May 1957
A 10 megaton hydrogen bomb was accidentally dropped from a bomber in an uninhabited area near Albuquerque, New Mexico owned by the University of New Mexico. The conventional explosives detonated, creating a 12 foot deep crater 25 feet across in which some radiation was detected.

28 July 1957
A C-124 "Globemaster" transporting three nuclear weapons and a nuclear capsule from Dover Air Force Base in Delaware to Europe experienced loss of power in two engines. The crew jettisoned two of the weapons somewhere east of Rehobeth, Del., and Cape May/Wildwood, New Jersey. A search for the weapons was unsuccessful and it is a fair assumption that they are still there at the bottom of the ocean.

31 January 1958
Unbeknownst to Moroccan officials, a B-47 loaded with a fully-armed nuclear weapon crashed at a U.S. Strategic Air Command base 90 miles northeast of Rabat. The Air Force evacuated everyone within 1 mile of the base while the bomber burned for seven hours. During cleanup operations a large number of vehicles and aircraft were contaminated with radiation.

5 February 1958
A B-47 collided with another jet and a hydrogen bomb was accidentally dropped, never to be recovered, in the ocean off Savannah, Georgia.

11 March 1958
A B-47 on its way from Hunter Air Force Base in Georgia to an overseas base accidentally dropped an unarmed nuclear weapon into the garden of Walter Gregg and his family in Mars Bluff, South Carolina. The conventional explosives detonated, destroying Gregg's house and injuring six family members. The blast resulted in the formation of a crater 50-70 feet wide and 25-30 feet deep. Five other houses and a church were also damaged; five months later the Air Force paid the Greggs $54,000 in compensation.

4 November 1958
A B-47 with nuclear bombs caught fire in mid-air, crashing in Texas.

15 October 1959
A B-52 with two nuclear bombs collided in mid-air with a KC-135 jet tanker and crashed in Kentucky. Both bombs were recovered.

7 June 1960
A BOMARC-A nuclear missile burst into flamesafter its fuel tank was ruptured by the explosion of a highpressure helium tank at McGuire Air Force Base in New Egypt, New Jersey. The missile melted, causing plutonium contamination at the facility and in the ground water below.

24 January 1961
A B-52 with nuclear bombs fell apart in mid-air over North Carolina, killing three of the eight crewmen and releasing two 24-megaton nuclear bombs. One bomb parachuted to the ground and was recovered; the other fell free and landed in waterlogged farmland, never to be found. When the recovered bomb was studied, it was found that five of its six safety devices had failed.

14 March 1961
A B-52 with nuclear bombs crashed in California while on a training mission.

13 January 1964
A B-52 with two nuclear weapons crashed near Cumberland, Maryland.

17 January 1966
A B-52 collided with an Air Force KC-135 jet tanker while refueling over the coast of Spain, killing eight of the eleven crew members and igniting the KC-135's 40,000 gallons of jet fuel. Two hydrogen bombs ruptured, scattering radioactive particles over the fields of Palomares; a third landed intact near the village of Palomares; the fourth was lost at sea 12 miles off the coast of Palomares and required a search by thousands of men working for three months to recover it. Approximately 1,500 tons of radioactive soil and tomato plants were removed to the U.S. for burial at a nuclear waste dump in Aiken, S.C. The U.S. eventually settled claims by 522 Palomares residents at a cost of $600,000, and gave the town the gift of a $200,000 desalinizing plant.

22 January 1968
A B-52 crashed 7 miles south of Thule Air Force Base in Greenland, scattering the radioactive fragments of four hydrogen bombs over the terrain after a fire broke out in the navigator's compartment. The contaminated ice and airplane debris were sent back to the U.S., with the bomb fragments going back to the manufacturer in Amarillo, Tx. The incident outraged the people of Denmark (which owned Greenland at the time, and which prohibits nuclear weapons over its territory) and led to massive anti-U.S. demonstrations. Comment from Scott Portzline, happen@pipeline.com: Three of the four bombs were destroyed by fire. A fourth bomb sank to the ocean bottom when the intense heat melted the Arctic ice. Many Danish workers who cleaned up the radioactive contaminated snow and ice suffered adverse health effects or died in the following years. The bomb on the ocean floor was finally recovered in 1979 by US Navy Seals and Seabees. I was not a witness. I have pictures of some of the equipment. Workers involved in the initial cleanup died later from the exposure to radiation, according to their relatives testimony.

24 July 1969
U.S. missile production was temporarily suspended due to a serious fire at the Atomic Energy Commission's Rocky Flats plutonium bomb factory. The surrounding countryside was irradiated by plutonium, and several buildings at the factory were so badly contaminated that they had to be dismantled.

2 November 1981
A fully-armed Poseidon missile was accidentally dropped 17 feet from a crane in Scotland during a transfer operation between a U.S. submarine and its mother ship.

Submarines and Ships
Some of the following incidents involve the discharge of radioactive coolant water by ships and submarines. While water from the primary coolant system stays radioactive for only a few seconds, it picks up bits of cobalt, chromium and other elements (from rusting pipes and the reactor) which remain radioactive for years. In realization of this fact, the U.S. Navy has curtailed its previously frequent practice of dumping coolant at sea.
1954
An experimental sodium-cooled reactor utilized aboard the USS Seawolf, the U.S.'s second nuclear submarine, was scuttled in 9,000 feet of water off the Delawre/Maryland coast. The reactor was plagued by persistent leaks in its steam system (caused by the corrosive nature of the sodium) and was later replaced with a more conventional model. The reactor is estimated to have contained 33,000 curies of radioactivity and is likely the largest single radioactive object ever dumped deliberately into the ocean. Subsequent attempts to locate the reactor proved to be futile.

October 1959
One man was killed and another three were seriously burned in the explosion and fire of a prototype reactor for the USS Triton at the Navy's training center in West Milton, New York. The Navy stated, "The explosion...was completely unrelated to the reactor or any of its principal auxiliary systems," but sources familiar with the operation claim that the high-pressure air flask which exploded was utilized to operate a critical back-up system in the event of a reactor emergency.

1961
The USS Theodore Roosvelt was contaminated when radioactive waste from its demineralization system, blew back onton the ship after an attempt to dispose of the material at sea. This happened on other occasions as well with other ships (for example, the USS Guardfish in 1975).

10 April 1963
The nuclear submarine Thresher imploded during a test dive east of Boston, killing all 129 men aboard.

1968
Radioactive coolant water may have been released by the USS Swordfish, which was moored at the time in Sasebo Harbor in Japan. According to one source, the incident was alleged by activists but a nearby Japanese government vessel failed to detect any such radiation leak. The purported incident was protested bitterly by the Japanese, with Premier Eisaku Sate warning that U.S. nuclear ships would no longer be allowed to call at Japanese ports unless their safety could be guaranteed.

21 May 1968
The U.S.S. Scorpion, a nuclear-powered attack submarine carrying two Mark 45 ASTOR torpedoes with nuclear warheads, sank mysteriously on this day. It was eventually photographed lying on the bottom of the ocean, where all ninety-nine of its crew were lost. Details of the accident remained classified until November 1993, when the Navy admitted that it had suspected all long that the Scorpion had accidentally been torpedoed by an American vessel. The nuclear material was never recovered.

14 January 1969
A series of explosions aboard the nuclear aircraft carrier Enterprise left 17 dead and 85 injured.

16 May 1969
The U.S.S. Guitarro, a $50 million nuclear submarine undergoing final fitting in San Francisco Bay, sank to the bottom as water poured into a forward compartment. A House Armed Services subcommittee later found the Navy guilty of "inexcusable carelessness" in connection with the event.

12 December 1971
Five hundred gallons of radioactive coolant water spilled into the Thames River near New London, Connecticut as it was being transferred from the submarine Dace to the sub tender Fulton.

October-November 1975
The USS Proteus, a disabled submarine tender, discharged significant amounts of radioactive coolant water into Guam's Apra Harbor. A geiger counter check of the harbor water near two public beaches measured 100 millirems/hour, fifty times the allowable dose.

22 May 1978
Up to 500 gallons of radioactive water was released when a valve was mistakenly opened aboard the USS Puffer near Puget Sound in Washington.

Nuclear Bomb Tests and Testing Facilities
26 April 1953
Radioactive rain, the result of above-ground nuclear tests, fell on Troy, New York.
5 September 1961
President Kennedy ordered the resumption of nuclear testing, "underground, with no fallout."

10 December 1961
Clouds of radioactive steam escaped from an underground nuclear test, closing several New Mexico highways.

9 December 1968
Clouds of radioactive steam from a nuclear test in Nevada broke through the ground, releasing fallout and violating the Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty signed 5 years earlier.

18 December 1970
An underground nuclear test in Nevada resulted in a cloud of radioactive steam to be thrust 8,000 feet in the air over Wyoming.

Processing, Storage, Shipping and Disposal
From 1946 to 1970 approximately 90,000 cannisters of radioactive waste were jettisoned in 50 ocean dumps up and down the East and West coasts of the U.S., including prime fishing areas, as part of the early nuclear waste disposal program from the military's atomic weapons program. The waste also included contaminated tools, chemicals, and laboratory glassware from weapons laboratories, and commercial/medical facilities
1958
In one of nine transportation accidents involving nuclear materials, a tank trailer carrying 1,500 gallons of uranium fluid overturned in Hanford, Washington, when its brakes failed on a hill. The contaminated fluid was flushed into a ditch and the surrounding soil was removed to a waste site. Another trailer truck carrying uranium gas overturned the same year in Bardstown, Kentucky, leaking some of its load.

1971
After experimenting with disposal of radioactive waste in salt, the Atomic Energy Commission announced that "Project Salt Vault" would solve the waste problem. But when 180,000 gallons of contaminated water was pumped into a borehole; it promptly and unexpectedly disappeared. The project was abandoned two years later.

1972
The West Valley, NY fuel reprocessing plant was closed after 6 years in operation, leaving 600,000 gallons of high-level wastes buried in leaking tanks. The site caused measurable contamination of Lakes Ontario and Erie.

December 1972
A major fire and two explosions occurred at a Pauling, New York plutonium fabrication plant. An undetermined amount of radioactive plutonium was scattered inside and outside the plant, resulting in its permanent shutdown.

1979
The Critical Mass Energy Project (part of Ralph Nader's Public Citizen, Inc.) tabulated 122 accidents involving the transport of nuclear material in 1979, including 17 involving radioactive contamination.

16 July 1979
A dam holding radioactive uranium mill tailings broke, sending an estimated 100 million gallons of radioactive liquids and 1,100 tons of solid wastes downstream at Church Rock, New Mexico.

August 1979
Highly enriched uranium was released from a top-secret nuclear fuel plant near Erwin, Tennessee. About 1,000 people were contaminated with up to 5 times as much radiation as would normally be received in a year. Between 1968 and 1983 the plant "lost" 234 pounds of highly enriched uranium, forcing the plant to be closed six times during that period.

January 1980
A 5.5 Richter earthquake at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, where large amounts of nuclear material are kept, caused a tritium leak.

19 September 1980
An Air Force repairman doing routine maintenance in a Titan II ICBM silo dropped a wrench socket, which rolled off a work platform and fell to the bottom of the silo. The socket struck the missile, causing a leak from a pressurized fuel tank. The missile complex and surrounding areas were evacuated. Eight and a half hours later, the fuel vapors ignited, causing an explosion which killed an Air Force specialist and injured 21 others. The explosion also blew off the 740-ton reinforced concrete-and-steel silo door and catapulted the warhead 600 feet into the air. The silo has since been filled in with gravel, and operations have been transferred to a similar installation at Rock, Kansas.

21 September 1980
Two canisters containing radioactive materials fell off a truck on New Jersey's Route 17. The driver, en route from Pennsylvania to Toronto, did not notice the missing cargo until he reached Albany, New York.

1983
The Department of Energy confirmed that 1,200 tons of mercury had been released over the years from the Y-12 Nuclear Weapons Components Plant at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, the U.S.'s earliest nuclear weapons production plant. In 1987, the DOE also reported that PCBs, heavy metals, and radioactive substances were all present in the groundwater beneath Y-12. Y-12 and the nearby K-25 and X-10 plants were found to have contaminated the atmosphere, soil and streams in the area.

December 1984
The Fernald Uranium Plant, a 1,050-acre uranium fuel production complex 20 miles northwest of Cincinnati, Ohio, was temporarily shut down after the Department of Energy disclosed that excessive amounts of radioactive materials had been released through ventilating systems. Subsequent reports revealed that 230 tons of radioactive material had leaked into the Greater Miami River valley during the previous thirty years, 39 tons of uranium dust had been released into the atmosphere, 83 tons had been discharged into surface water, and 5,500 tons of radioactive and other hazardous substances had been released into pits and swamps where they seeped into the groundwater. In addition, 337 tons of uranium hexafluoride was found to be missing, its whereabouts completely unknown. In 1988 nearby residents sued and were granted a $73 million settlement by the government. The plant was not permanently shut down until 1989.

1986
A truck carrying low-level radioactive material swerved to avoid a farm vehicle, went off a bridge on Route 84 in Idaho, and dumped part of its cargo in the Snake River. Officials reported the release of radioactivity.

6 January 1986
A container of highly toxic gas exploded at The Sequoyah Fuels Corp. uranium processing factory in Gore, Oklahoma, causing one worker to die (when his lungs were destroyed) and 130 others to seek medical treatment. In response, the Government kept the plant closed for more than a year and fined owners Kerr-McGee $310,000, citing poorly trained workers, poorly maintained equipment and a disregard for safety and the environment. [See also 24 November 1992.]

1986
After almost 40 years of cover-ups, the U.S. Government released 19,000 pages of previously classified documents which revealed that the Hanford Engineer Works was responsible for the release of significant amounts of radioactive materials into the atmosphere and the adjacent Columbia River. Between 1944 and 1966, the eight reactors, a source of plutonium production for atomic weapons, discharged billions of gallons of liquids and billions of cubic meters of gases containing plutonium and other radioactive contaminants into the Columbia River, and the soil and air of the Columbia Basin. Although detrimental effects were noticed as early as 1948, all reports critical of the facilities remained classified. By the summer of 1987, the cost of cleaning up Hanford was estimated to be $48.5 billion. The Technical Steering Panel of the government-sponsored Hanford Environmental Dose Reconstruction Project released the following statistics in July 1990: Of the 270,000 people living in the affected area, most received low doses of radiation from Iodine, but about 13,500 received a total dose some 1,300 times the annual amount of airborne radiation considered safe for civilians by the Department of Energy. Approximately 1,200 children received doses far in excess of this number, and many more received additional doses from contaminants other than Iodine.

1987
The Idaho Falls Post Register reported that plutonium had been found in sediments hundreds of feet below the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, an experimental reactor testing station and nuclear waste storage site.

1988
The National Research Council panel released a report listing 30 "significant unreported incidents" at the Savannah River production plants over the previous 30 years. As at Hanford (see 1986), ground water contamination resulted from pushing production of radioactive materials past safe limits at this weapons complex. In January 1989, scientists discovered a fault running under the entire site through which contaminants reached the underground aquifer, a major source of drinking water for the southeast. Turtles in nearby ponds were found to contain radioactive strontium of up to 1,000 times the normal background level.

6 June 1988
Radiation Sterilizers, Incorporated reported that a leak of Cesium-137 had occurred at their Decatur, Georgia facility. Seventy thousand medical supply containers and milk cartons were recalled as they had been exposed to radiation. Ten employees were also exposed, three of whom "had enough on them that they contaminated other surfaces" including materials in their homes and cars, according to Jim Setser at the Georgia Department of Natural Resources.

October 1988
The Rocky Flats, Colorado plutonium bomb manufacturing site was partially closed after two employees and a Department of Energy inspector inhaled radioactive particles. Subsequent investigations revealed safety violations (including uncalibrated monitors and insufficient fire-response equipment) and leaching of radioactive contaminants into the local groundwater.

24 November 1992
The Sequoyah Fuels Corp. uranium processing factory in Gore, Oklahoma closed after repeated citations by the Government for violations of nuclear safety and environmental rules. It's record during 22 years of operation included an accident in 1986 that killed one worker and injured dozens of others and the contamination of the Arkansas River and groundwater. The Sequoyah Fuels plant, one of two privately-owned American factories that fabricated fuel rods and armor-piercing bullet shells, had been shut down a week before by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission when an accident resulted in the release of toxic gas. Thirty-four people sought medical attention as a result of the accident. The plant had also been shut down the year before when unusually high concentrations of uranium were detected in water in a nearby construction pit. [Also see 6 January 1986 for details of an additional incident.] A Government investigation revealed that the company had known for years that uranium was leaking into the ground at levels 35,000 times higher than Federal law allows; Carol Couch, the plant's environmental manager, was cited by the Government for obstructing the investigation and knowingly giving Federal agents false information.

31 March 1994
Fire at a nuclear research facility on Long Island, New York resulted in the nuclear contamination of three fire fighters, three reactor operators, and one technician. Measurable amounts of radioactive substances were released into the immediate environment.

16 November 1996
A Department of Energy trailer overturned near Valentine, Nebraska shortly after 1:00 am. It had been travelling in blizzard conditions, in direct contravention of DOE regulations. The truck was transporting warheads (described in the press as "classified cargo"; later confirmed by Colorado senators to be weapons) from Minot Air Force Base in North Dakota to the Pantex facility near Amarillo, Texas. The weapons were recovered undamaged after a 24 hour operation.

14 March 1997
A 40 gallon tank of toxic chemicals (stored illegally at the U.S. Government's Hanford Engineer works) exploded, causing the release of 20,000-30,000 gallons of plutonium-contaminated water. A cover-up ensued, involving the contractors doing clean-up (see extensive discussion of this facility at "1986") and the Department of Energy, who denied the release of radioactive materials. They also told eight plant workers that tests indicated that they hadn't been exposed to plutonoium even though no such tests actually were conducted. (Later testing revealed that in fact they had not been exposed.)

Niemand zegt dat ze kernafal op Indianen moeten dumpen. Als dat gebeurt, dan is dat hoogst waarschijnlijk illegaal en moet aangepakt worden. Maar het alternatief, fossiele energiecentrales, doet minstens evenveel en waarschijnlijk meer schade aan het milieu.

Bovendien bevat dit lijstje verschillende ongevallen met kernwapens, die hier niets ter zake doen. Het overgrote deel van de rest zijn 'gewone' bedrijfsongevallen, met een paar doden tot gevolg, maar zeker niet meer dan wat er in de rest van de industrie gebeurt.

Dat er af en toe 'straling' vrijkomt is veel minder erg dan het lijkt. Als ik een pizza opwarm in de microgolfoven komt er ook 'straling' vrij. Zelfs als men steenkool verbrandt komt er 'straling' vrij!

dit is een lijstje van de vele.
Mijnheer heeft waarschijnlijk ook het bericht van vorige week gemist over de Japanse kernreactoren die echt onveilig zijn omdat er geen controle is.
Dat jij een magnetron gebruikt is jouw probleem. Als jij graag voedsel eet waarvande cellen voor de helft vernietigd worden, no problem, it's your choice.
En het zijn dezelfde mensen die uraniumafval dumpen in onder andere reservaten die rapporten laten opstellen over de veiligheid van kernreactoren.
Vorig jaar klaagden werknemers van een kernreactor in België nog over het feit dat hun recator niet gecontroleerd werd op beveiliging.

En hoe denk je dat die uranium naar hier komt? Via boten, vliegtuigen,... en wat is hun brandstof?

Uranium wordt onder andere gedelft in mijnene in Kongo, alwaar ze de Kongolezen zwaar uitbuiten, maar dat zal jij niet erg vinden want het is toch voor een goed doel.

En in die lijst staan er inderdaad ongevallen met kernwapens.

Ga naar http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&ie=ISO-8859-1&q=list+accidents+nuclear+reactorsen je vindt vele lijstjes.
Natuurlijk kan je ook vele lijstjes vinden met voordelen van kernenergie.

Eerder deze maand ston,d er in de FET een enquete onder de inwoners van Europa en hun visie op kernenergie.
Resultaat van de enquete: de mensen zijn ervoor.

Wat werd er niet bij vermeld? Dat ze er enkel voor zijn wanneer ze zekerheid hebben dat het kernafval veilig kan opgeslagen worden.
En

en, dat was het.

De pro-kernenergie lobbygroepen hebben hun giftige leugens al wijd genoeg verspreid. Zij stellen dat de milieuproblemen van vandaag vooral draaien rond de opwarming van de aarde, en dat slechts kernenergie het enig valabele 'alternatief' is. Na alle negatieve rapporten erover beweren zij dat kernenergie veilig en milieuvriendelijk is, en dat het de enige energievorm is die voldoende energie kan leveren, zonder het klimaat verder op te warmen. Kernafvalproblemen worden geminimaliseerd, statistieken worden erbij gehaald om kleinere en grotere rampen te relativeren.
Voor mij is het duidelijk: deze omhooggevallen heren deinzen niet terug om hun aandelen en overmacht veilig te stellen, koste wat het kost. Veiligheid is wel nodig, maar wordt toch vooral gebruikt als PR-instrument. Net zo wordt kernenergie door hen gepromoot onder het mom dat het milieu er baat bij zou hebben. Klinkklare nonsens! Net als zou hernieuwbare energie te duur zijn om globaal toe te passen. Ik weet waar dat verhaal vandaan komt.

PV-cellen zijn inderdaad te duur om er grootschalig elektriciteit mee op te wekken. Ze zijn echter bij uitstek geschikt om elektronische apparaten van energie te voorzien. (rekenmachientjes, zaklamp, computer,…) Ik vind het zelf een beetje gek dat sommigen heel hun dak vol PV-cellen leggen. Zonnecollectoren zijn een veel betere investering als u uw energie-input naar beneden wil halen. Denk gewoon even na: gebruik de warmte van de zon als die er is, gebruik de wind als ze waait, isoleer uw woning, zoek werk dicht bij huis, en als dat er niet is moet het er komen. Dat is een heel andere ingesteldheid dan wat door de bedrijven wordt tentoongespreid : angst om verworven rechten, privileges en macht te verliezen, omdat de 'slogan' van hernieuwbare energie 'Think Globally, Act Locally' is. Dat is helemaal anders dan gewoon voortdoen zoals nu, wat we zelf kunnen doen overhevelen naar de grote bazen die daarmee compleet geen voeling hebben, en bijgevolg de boel verklooien. Terug naar die PV-cellen nu, greenwashers zoals Shell hebben fabrieken opgericht om die te maken. Het kwam me verdacht voor toen dit nieuws enkele jaren geleden bekend werd. Erger werd het toen ook het VITO (Vlaams Instituut voor Technologie en Ontwikkeling) te Mol, onafhankelijk maar toch op de terreinen van het SCK (Studiecentrum voor Kernenergie)PV-cellen als zaligmakend voor de toekomst probeerden voor te stellen. Vervolgens kwamen verschillende overheidsorganen met subsidies over de brug. En nu wordt dit argument gebruikt om aan te tonen dat hernieuwbare energie niet rendabel is. Men kieze dus de duurste uitvoering van gelijk wat om de rendabiliteit te bewijzen. Absurd!

Iedereen kan fouten maken. Des te erger zijn de gevolgen als er kernenergie in het spel is. Schoolvoorbeeld is natuurlijk Chernobyl. Daar zou een onderhoudsploeg bepaalde veiligheden hebben afgezet om gemakkelijker te kunnen werken. Een menselijke fout dus, en zoiets kan optreden bij slecht én goed ontworpen reactoren. Artificiële intelligentie blijft nog altijd ondergeschikt aan de mens. Trek de stekker uit en er is geen intelligentie meer. En zwakke punten bevinden zich in elk systeem. Tot daar kernenergie.

Wat is er nu aan de hand met die ‘dure' hernieuwbare energie? Die PV-cellen zijn het spreekwoordelijke ‘doekje voor het bloeden' die beleidsmakers uit bedrijven en politiek ons in de maag willen splitsen. Geen wonder, in je garage of tuinhuis achteraan bak je nog niet zo snel PV-cellen, dus blijven de inkomsten voor de grote vervuilers als Shell overeind. En dus blijft de overmacht van zulke mulinationals verzekerd. Betalen blijf je, aan hen. Wat een contrast met de veel goedkopere zonneboilers en collectoren. En met windturbines! Bij het ene krijg je warm water, bij het ander elektriciteit of enig ander nodige energievorm. Voor handige harry's is het in minder dan tien jaar pay-back-time, reden temeer om aan deze manier van werken, wonen en leven wat meer aandacht te besteden. De wereld gaat om zeep, wie lost het voor zichzelf op, de politiekers? De bedrijven? Of gewoon die ene mens die toevallig net op die plaats dat idee heeft gekregen om er in zijn eigen omgeving iets aan te doen? Dat is wat ik verlang van de politici, van welke aard of strekking ook. Dat ze mensen toestaan om er in hun eigen omgeving iets aan te doen, zonder bestraffing of belasting. Want vandaag de dag zijn er vele regels en wetten, en wie niet volgens het boekje loopt wordt automatisch als gevaarlijk beschouwd voor de rest van de samenleving. En dus bestraft, omdat die persoon er aanleiding toe kan geven dat normen en waarden veranderen, en dus minder voorspelbaar worden. En o wee, dat past niet in de denktrant van de grootindustriëlen, die opgeleid zijn om hun macht koste wat het kost te behouden. Voor hen bent u gevaarlijk als u voor uzelf leert zorgen, omdat dat hun monopoly ondermijnt. Voor economische groei-dogmatici zullen deze woorden waarschijnlijk zorgen baren, want wat kan je nu aanvangen met een volk dat alles heeft, en niets meer verlangt? Die kan je niet meer voor je laten werken zoals je dat zelf wil. Hun bewust zijn zal hen ervan weerhouden bepaalde opgelegde taken uit te voeren, als die in strijd zijn met hun wil het leven te dienen. Wie kan daaraan winnen? Wij allemaal, als we ons bewust worden van elkanders beperkingen, en elkaar uitnodigen om samen te werken aan positieve veranderingen, dingen waar we allemaal achter staan.